black-and-white reproduction

кфт.

1) чёрно-белое репродуцирование

2) чёрно-белая репродукция

1) Кино: чёрно-белая репродукция, чёрно-белое репродуцирование

2) Реклама: воспроизведение в чёрно-белом варианте

1) черно-белое репродуцирование

2) черно-белая репродукция

1) репродуцирование; воспроизведение

2) репродукция

3) лесовозобновление, лесовосстановление

- art reproduction

- background reproduction

- B & W halftone reproduction

- black and white halftone reproduction

- blueline reproduction

- bromide reproduction

- color reproduction

- colored ink reproduction

- color process reproduction

- contact reproduction

- continuous-tone reproduction

- copy-dot reproduction

- correct tone reproduction

- detail reproduction

- dichroic reproduction

- direct reproduction

- documentary reproduction

- dot-on-dot reproduction

- dot screen reproduction

- electrolytic reproduction

- electronic color reproduction

- electrophotographic reproduction

- electrothermographic reproduction

- facsimile reproduction

- four-color reproduction

- graphic reproduction

- halftone reproduction

- line copy reproduction

- litho reproduction

- map reproduction

- monochromatic reproduction

- multicolor reproduction

- multiple copy reproduction

- offset reproduction

- orthochromatic reproduction

- photographic reproduction

- photomechanic reproduction

- photomechanical color reproduction

- pictorial reproduction

- reflex reproduction

- same-size reproduction

- single sheet photographic reproduction

- three-color reproduction

- tone reproduction

- type reproduction

1) (impression) Abdruck, der; (fingerprint) Fingerabdruck, der

2) (printed lettering) Gedruckte, das; (typeface) Druck, der

3) (published or printed state)

4) (printed picture or design) Druck, der

5) (Photog.) Abzug, der; (Cinemat.) Kopie, die

6) (Textiles) (cloth with design) bedruckter Stoff

1) drucken [Buch, Zeitschrift, Geldschein usw.]

2) (write) in Druckschrift schreiben

3) (cause to be published) veröffentlichen [Artikel, Roman, Ansichten usw.]

4) (Photog.) abziehen; (Cinemat.) kopieren

5) (Textiles) bedrucken [Stoff]

- print out

* * *

1) (a mark made by pressure: a footprint; a fingerprint.) der Abdruck

2) (printed lettering: I can't read the print in this book.) der Druck

3) (a photograph made from a negative: I entered three prints for the photographic competition.) der Abzug

4) (a printed reproduction of a painting or drawing.) der Druck

1) (to mark (letters etc) on paper (by using a printing press etc): The invitations will be printed on white paper.) drucken

2) (to publish (a book, article etc) in printed form: His new novel will be printed next month.) drucken

3) (to produce (a photographic image) on paper: He develops and prints his own photographs.) abziehen

4) (to mark designs on (cloth etc): When the cloth has been woven, it is dyed and printed.) bedrucken

5) (to write, using capital letters: Please print your name and address.) in Druckbuchstaben schreiben

•

- printer

* * *

I. n

1. (lettering) Gedruckte(s) nt

bold \print Fettdruck m

in large \print in Großschrift

the small [or fine] \print das Kleingedruckte

to write sth in \print etw in Druckschrift schreiben

2. no pl (printed form) Druck m

to appear in \print veröffentlicht [o gedruckt] werden

to be in/out of \print erhältlich/vergriffen sein

to get into \print erscheinen, gedruckt werden

to go out of \print nicht mehr gedruckt [o aufgelegt] werden

to put sth into \print etw in Druck geben

to rush sth into \print etw schnell veröffentlichen

3. (printed media)

▪ the \prints pl die Presse kein pl

▪ in \print in der Presse

4. (photo) Abzug m, Kopie f; (film) Kopie f; (reproduction) Kopie f; (copy of artwork) Druck m

5. (pattern) [Druck]muster nt

floral \print Blumenmuster nt

6. (footprint) Fußabdruck m; ( fam: fingerprint) Fingerabdruck m

to leave \prints Fingerabdrücke hinterlassen

to take sb's \prints jds Fingerabdrücke nehmen

II. n modifier (concerning media) (industry, sales, worker) Druck-

\printmaker Grafiker(in) m(f)

\print scandal Presseskandal m

\print union Druckergewerkschaft f

III. vt

▪ to \print sth

1. TYPO etw drucken

to \print a magazine/newspaper eine Zeitschrift/Zeitung herausgeben

2. PUBL etw veröffentlichen; (in magazine, newspaper) etw abdrucken

to be \printed in hardback in gebundener Ausgabe erscheinen

to \print a special issue eine Sonderausgabe herausbringen

to \print only lies nur Lügen drucken

to \print the truth about sb/sth die Wahrheit über jdn/etw veröffentlichen

3. COMPUT etw ausdrucken

4. PHOT etw abziehen, von etw dat einen Abzug machen

5. (on fabric) etw bedrucken

\printed by hand handbedruckt

to \print a pattern on sth etw mit einem Muster bedrucken, ein Muster auf etw akk [auf]drucken

6. (write by hand) etw in Druckschrift [o Druckbuchstaben] schreiben

please \print your name below your signature schreiben Sie bitte ihren Namen in Druckbuchstaben unter ihre Unterschrift

IV. vi

1. (be in preparation) sich akk im Druck befinden

the book is \printing das Buch ist im Druck

2. (make copy) drucken

to \print in black and white/colour in schwarzweiß/Farbe drucken

3. (write in unjoined letters) in Druckschrift [o Druckbuchstaben] schreiben

to \print clearly/sloppily deutlich/unleserlich schreiben

* * *

1. n

1) (= typeface, characters) Schrift f; (= printed matter) Gedruckte(s) nt

2) (= picture) Druck m

3) (PHOT) Abzug m, Kopie f; (of cinema film) Kopie f

4) (= fabric) bedruckter Stoff; (= cotton print) Kattun m; (= dress) bedrucktes Kleid; (of cotton) Kattunkleid nt

5) (= impression of foot, hand etc) Abdruck m

2. vt

1) book, design, money drucken; (COMPUT) (aus)drucken; fabric bedrucken

2) (= publish) story, picture veröffentlichen

3) (= write in block letters) in Druckschrift schreiben

4) (PHOT) abziehen

5)

3. vi

1) (printer, printing machine) drucken

2) (= write in block letters) in Druckschrift schreiben

* * *

print [prınt]

A v/t

1. drucken (lassen), in Druck geben:

print in italics kursiv drucken;

print waste makulieren

2. ein Buch etc verlegen, herausgeben

3. (ab)drucken:

printed form Vordruck m, Formular n;

printed matter, printed paper(s pl) Postwesen: Drucksache(n) f(pl);

printed circuit ELEK gedruckter Schaltkreis

4. bedrucken:

printed (wall)paper bedruckte Tapete(n pl);

printed goods Druckstoffe

5. in Druckschrift schreiben:

printed characters Druckbuchstaben

6. einen Stempel etc aufdrücken (on dat), drücken (on auf akk), einen Eindruck, eine Spur hinterlassen (on auf dat), ein Muster etc ab-, aufdrucken, drücken (in in akk)

7. print itself sich einprägen (on sb’s mind jemandem)

8. print out

a) auch print off FOTO abziehen, kopieren

b) COMPUT ausdrucken

B v/i

1. drucken:

a) Bücher etc verlegen oder veröffentlichen

b) Abdrucke machen

c) Drucker(in) sein

2. gedruckt werden, sich im Druck befinden:

3. in Druckschrift schreiben

4. a) sich drucken lassen

b) FOTO sich abziehen lassen:

print badly schlechte Abzüge liefern

C s

1. TYPO Druck m:

a) im Druck (erschienen),

b) vorrätig (Buch);

out of print vergriffen

2. TYPO Druck m (Schriftart): → cold A 4 b

3. Druckschrift f, -buchstaben pl

4. Drucksache f, -schrift f, besonders US Zeitung f, Blatt n:

daily prints bes US Tageszeitungen;

the prints pl bes US die Presse;

rush into print sich in die Öffentlichkeit flüchten;

appear in print im Druck erscheinen

5. Aufdruck m

6. Druck m (Bild etc)

7. Druck m:

a) (Stahl-, Kupfer) Stich m, Radierung f

b) Holzschnitt m

c) Lithografie f

8. Zeitungspapier n

9. (etwas) Geformtes, Stück n (geformte) Butter

10. (Finger- etc) Abdruck m, Eindruck m, Spur f:

prints of steps Fußspuren oder -(s)tapfen;

print of a wheel Radspur;

print of a fox Fuchsfährte f

11. Druckmuster n

12. bedruckter Kattun, Druckstoff m:

print dress Kattunkleid n

13. FOTO Abzug m, Kopie f

14. Lichtpause f

15. TECH

a) Stempel m, Form f:

print cutter Formenschneider m

b) (Butter- etc) Form f, (-)Model m

c) Gesenk n (zum Formen von Metall)

* * *

1) (impression) Abdruck, der; (fingerprint) Fingerabdruck, der

2) (printed lettering) Gedruckte, das; (typeface) Druck, der

3) (published or printed state)

4) (printed picture or design) Druck, der

5) (Photog.) Abzug, der; (Cinemat.) Kopie, die

6) (Textiles) (cloth with design) bedruckter Stoff

1) drucken [Buch, Zeitschrift, Geldschein usw.]

2) (write) in Druckschrift schreiben

3) (cause to be published) veröffentlichen [Artikel, Roman, Ansichten usw.]

4) (Photog.) abziehen; (Cinemat.) kopieren

5) (Textiles) bedrucken [Stoff]

- print out

* * *

Druck -e m.

Fotoabzug m. v.

drucken v.

1) (the sending of pictures from a distance, and the reproduction of them on a screen: We saw it on television.) televisión

2) ((also television set) an apparatus with a screen for receiving these pictures.) televisor, televisión

•

- televise

television n televisión

a) ( sistema) television;

◊ ¿qué hay en (la) televisión? what's on television?;

b) ( programación) television;

◊ ver (la) televisión to watch television

c) ( televisor) television (set)

tr['telɪvɪʒən]

noun

1 (gen) televisión nombre femenino

■ black and white television televisión en blanco y negro

■ colour television televisión en color

■ what's on (the) television? ¿qué hay en la televisión?

■ do you like watching television? ¿te gusta ver la televisión?

■ my father works in television mi padre trabaja en la televisión

2 (set) televisor nombre masculino

\

television licence permiso para tener un televisor

television programme programa nombre masculino de televisión

television screen pantalla de televisión

television ['tɛlə.vɪʒən] n

: televisión f

• tele* s.f.

• televisión s.f.

• televisor s.m.

a) u (medium, industry) televisión f

b) c television (set) televisor m, (aparato m de) televisión f

N (=broadcast, broadcasting industry) televisión f ; (also: television set) televisor m, aparato m de televisión

CPD [broadcast, play, report, serial] televisivo; [camera] de televisión; [personality] de la televisión

* * *

a) u (medium, industry) televisión f

b) c television (set) televisor m, (aparato m de) televisión f

1) no pl., no art. das Fernsehen

2) (television set) Fernsehapparat, der; Fernseher, der (ugs.)

* * *

1) (the sending of pictures from a distance, and the reproduction of them on a screen: We saw it on television.) das Fernsehen

2) ((also television set) an apparatus with a screen for receiving these pictures.) der Fernseher

•

- academic.ru/73930/televise">televise

* * *

[ˈtelɪvɪʒ^ən, AM -lə-]

I. n

1. (device) Fernsehgerät nt, Fernsehapparat m, Fernseher m fam

colour [or AM color] \television Farbfernseher m

to turn down/up the \television den Fernseher leiser/lauter stellen

to turn on/off the \television den Fernseher an-/ausschalten

2. no pl (TV broadcasting) Fernsehen nt

▪ on \television im Fernsehen

to watch \television fernsehen

to work in \television für das Fernsehen arbeiten

II. n modifier (advertisement, journalism, reporter) Fernseh-

\television broadcasting Fernsehübertragung f

* * *

* * *

television [ˈtelıˌvıʒn]

A s

1. Fernsehen n:

be in television beim Fernsehen sein;

on (the) im Fernsehen;

what’s on television tonight? was gibt es heute Abend im Fernsehen?;

watch television fernsehen;

watch sth on television → teleview A

2. Fernsehapparat m, -gerät n, Fernseher m umg

B adj Fernseh…:

television journalist ( rights, etc);

television advertising ( oder commercials pl) Werbefernsehen n, Fernsehwerbung f;

television appearance Fernsehauftritt m;

television licence Br Fernsehgenehmigung f;

television set → A 2;

television tube Bildröhre f;

television viewer Fernsehzuschauer(in)

* * *

1) no pl., no art. das Fernsehen

2) (television set) Fernsehapparat, der; Fernseher, der (ugs.)

* * *

Fernsehen n.

Television f.

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Recording

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After education in Hungary and a period as an assistant at the Technische Hochschule, Berlin, Goldmark moved to England, where he joined Pye of Cambridge and worked on an experimental thirty-line television system using a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display. In 1936 he moved to the USA to work at Columbia Broadcasting Laboratories. There, with monochrome television based on the CRT virtually a practical proposition, he devoted his efforts to finding a way of producing colour TV images: in 1940 he gave his first demonstration of a working system. There then followed a series of experimental field-sequential colour TV systems based on segmented red, green and blue colour wheels and drums, where the problem was to find an acceptable compromise between bandwidth, resolution, colour flicker and colour-image breakup. Eventually he arrived at a system using a colour wheel in combination with a CRT containing a panchromatic phosphor screen, with a scanned raster of 405 lines and a primary colour rate of 144 fields per second. Despite the fact that the receivers were bulky, gave relatively poor, dim pictures and used standards totally incompatible with the existing 525-line, sixty fields per second interlaced monochrome (black and white) system, in 1950 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), anxious to encourage postwar revival of the industry, authorized the system for public broadcasting. Within eighteen months, however, bowing to pressure from the remainder of the industry, which had formed its own National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) to develop a much more satisfactory, fully compatible system based on the RCA three-gun shadowmask CRT, the FCC withdrew its approval.

While all this was going on, Goldmark had also been working on ideas for overcoming the poor reproduction, noise quality, short playing-time (about four minutes) and limited robustness and life of the long-established 78 rpm 12 in. (30 cm) diameter shellac gramophone record. The recent availability of a new, more robust, plastic material, vinyl, which had a lower surface noise, enabled him in 1948 to reduce the groove width some three times to 0.003 in. (0.0762 mm), use a more lightly loaded synthetic sapphire stylus and crystal transducer with improved performance, and reduce the turntable speed to 33 1/3 rpm, to give thirty minutes of high-quality music per side. This successful development soon led to the availability of stereophonic recordings, based on the ideas of Alan Blumlein at EMI in the 1930s.

In 1950 Goldmark became a vice-president of CBS, but he still found time to develop a scan conversion system for relaying television pictures to Earth from the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. He also almost brought to the market a domestic electronic video recorder (EVR) system based on the thermal distortion of plastic film by separate luminance and coded colour signals, but this was overtaken by the video cassette recorder (VCR) system, which uses magnetic tape.

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See also: Baird, John Logie

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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Ives trained as a printer in Ithaca, New York, and became official photographer at Cornell University at the age of 18. His research into photomechanical processes led in 1886 to methods of making halftone reproduction of photographs using crossline screens. In 1881 he was the first to make a three-colour print from relief halftone blocks. He made significant contributions to the early development of colour photography, and from 1888 he published and marketed a number of systems for the production of additive colour photographs. He designed a beam-splitting camera in which a single lens exposed three negatives through red, green and blue filters. Black and white transparencies from these negatives were viewed in a device fitted with internal reflectors and filters, which combined the three colour separations into one full-colour image. This device was marketed in 1895 under the name Kromskop; sets of Kromograms were available commercially, and special cameras, or adaptors for conventional cameras, were available for photographers who wished to take their own colour pictures. A Lantern Kromskop was available for the projection of Kromskop pictures. Ives's system enjoyed a few years of commercial success before simpler methods of making colour photographs rendered it obsolete. Ives continued research into colour photography; his later achievements included the design, in 1915, of the Hicro process, in which a simple camera produced sets of separation negatives that could be printed as dyed transparencies in complementary colours and assembled in register on paper to produce colour prints. Later, in 1932, he introduced Polychrome, a simpler, two-colour process in which a bipack of two thin negative plates or films could be exposed in conventional cameras. Ives's interest extended into other fields, notably stereoscopy. He developed a successful parallax stereogram process in 1903, in which a three-dimensional image could be seen directly, without the use of viewing devices. In his lifetime he received many honours, and was a recipient of the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal in 1903 for his work in colour photography.

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